Monday 4 March 2013

Apa Sebenarnya Jejak Pesawat di Angkasa itu?

Coba amati angkasa, kita tentu pernah melihat jejak pesawat di langit yang terlihat seperti asap ataupun awan yang membentuk garis putih memanjang. Sekilas jejak tersebut tampak seperti ekor pesawat.

Benarkah jejak putih itu adalah asap sisa pembakaran bahan bakar pesawat terbang?

Jika iya, berarti telah terjadi polusi udara. Keadaan ini sama dengan polusi udara yang dikarenakan asap knalpot mobil dan motor. Asap tersebut berasal dari sisa pembakaran bensin dan solar.

Ternyata jejak putih itu bukan asap seperti dugaan kita. Jejak itu terhentuk sebagai akibat penguapan butiran-butiran es yang ada di angkasa. Butiran es menguap saat dilewati pesawat.

Apa Sebenarnya Jejak Pesawat di Angkasa itu?

Perbedaan suhu

Butiran-butiran es di angkasa terbentuk dari uap air yang membeku karena suhu yang superdingin.

Penguapan butiran-butiran es itu akibat perbedaan suhu antara sayap pesawat yang panas dan suhu udara di sekitar pesawat yang superdingin.

Pemanas di sayap pesawat akan dinyalakan oleh pilot mulai sebelum pesawat diterbangkaii sampai saat pesawat mendarat kembali. Tujuannya agar mesin pesawat tidak membeku saat terbang

Sebelumnya kita perlu tahu suhu di angkasa semakin tinggi akan semakin dingin.

Pada ketinggian 10.000 meter, suhu udara bisa mencapai minus 50 derajat Celsius. Pesawat yang dapat membuat jejak putih adalah pesawat yang terbang dengan ketinggian sekitar 10.000 meter di atas permukaan bumi.

Jadi, jejak putih dari pesawat itu sebenarnya adalah gas atau uap buangan pesawat yang terkondensasi oleh dinginnya suhu pada ketinggian tertentu.

Kondensasi atau penguapan es terjadi karena pada seluruh bagian sayap pesawat terdapat pemanas.

Sayap dan gas buang yang panas akan membuat butiran-butiran es di angkasa yang dilintasi pesawat menguap (terkondensasi) sehingga menimbulkan jejak putih seperti asap.

Uap air dan asap

Kalau ternyata jejak pesawat itu bukan asap, lalu bagaimana dengan jejak pesawat jet yang terbang rendah dalam pertunjukan di udara atau sering disebut aircraft performance?

Pesawat jet dapat meninggalkan jejak asap seperti awan meski tidak terbang pada ketinggian 10.000 meter karena bahan bakar pesawat jet adalah hidro karbon (hydro carbon) yang mengandung hidrogen dan karbon.

Dalam pembakaran di mesin pesawat karbon menciptakan asap sedangkan hidrogen keluar sebagai uap air dari mesin jet.

Kombinasi uap air dan asap ini akan membentuk jejak pesawat jet dengan bentuk lebih tebal dan lebih jelas dibandingkan jejak pesawat biasa.

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